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Ashgabat is home to five military academies: the , the Naval Institute, the Border Guards Institute, the Institute of National Security, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs Institute.

Twin towns — sister cities [ ]• Magtymguly was founded in 1950.

The orders are so far not nationwide and limited to Ashgabat, he said.

One also finds statues of and.

" The was founded June 29, 1951, and includes the unique Desert Institute among its 26 scientific research institutes, as well as the State Seismological Service, 17-degree-granting schools, two medical research centers, a library, and two print shops.

Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov, the former Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR, took the mantel of power cementing his position as the leader of the country.

Several traffic circles were created, in which were placed mainly abstract monuments.

During the Turkmenistani presidential elections of 1992, he was the only candidate.

91 in ; March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute.